- Singular nouns which form the
plural by adding an "s" to the
singular form of the
noun
-
boy-boys, girl-girls,
cat-cats, table-tables,
book-books, tree-trees,
auto-autos, photo-photos,
radio-radios, studio-studios
- Singular nouns which form the
plural by adding an "es" to the
singular form of
nouns ending in "ch", "s", "sh", "x"
-
glass-glasses, dish-dishes,
ditch-ditches, wish-wishes,
coach-coaches, kiss-kisses,
tax-taxes
- Singular nouns which form the
plural by adding an "es" to the
singular form of
nouns ending in "o" and preceded by a
consonant
-
hero-heroes, tornado-tornados-tornadoes
(can end in either "s" or "es"), potato-potatoes,
tomato-tomatoes
- Note:
nouns of Italian or Spanish origin are exceptions to
this rule
- ie: canto-cantos,
grotto-grottos, piano-pianos,
portico-porticos, quarto-quartos,
solo-solos
- Singular nouns which form the
plural by changing the "f" into a "v" and adding "es"
-
half-halves, leaf-leaves,
calf-calves
- Note: some just add an "s"
- ie: proof-proofs, muff-muffs
- Note: some can do either
- ie: dwarf-dwarfs-dwarves,
hoof-hoofs-hooves, staff-staffs-staves
- Singular nouns which form the
plural by dropping the "y" and adding "ies" of
nouns ending in "y" and preceded by a
consonant
-
cherry-cherries, lady-ladies,
story-stories, party-parties
- Singular nouns which form the
plural by simply changing the
vowel sound of the
singular form
-
foot-feet, goose-geese,
louse-lice, man-men,
mouse-mice, tooth-teeth,
woman-women, mouse-mice
- Singular nouns where the singular and
plural forms are different
-
child-children, ox-oxen,
person-people
- Singular nouns where the singular and
plural forms are the same
-
cod, series, trout,
deer, fish, moose,
offspring, series,
sheep, species
- Singular nouns with no plural form (abstract nouns)
-
goodness, idleness,
wisdom
- Singular nouns with no plural form such as words in the
fields of arts and sciences
-
chemistry, geometry, mechanics,
optics, blues (music)
- Note:
even
those ending in "ics"
are treated as singular
- Singular nouns where the
singular form is retained such
as
nouns from foreign languages
-
analysis-analyses, appendix-appendices,
bacterium-bacteria, basis-bases,
crisis-crises, criterion-criteria,
curriculum-curricula, datum-data,
formula-formulae, hypothesis-hypotheses,
medium-media, memorandum-memoranda,
parenthesis-parentheses, phenomenon-phenomena,
syllabus-syllabi, thesis-theses
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