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American English Grammar |
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Present participle adjective |
| Learning
objectives |
 In
this lesson you will watch a present participle
adjective video, learn the
definition of a present participle adjective and
study examples of present participle adjectives. |
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| Definition of a past participle adjective |
- A present participle adjective:
- is formed from a
verb using the present participle or "ing" form of the
verb
- Note: when adding "ing" to the
verb it is sometimes necessary to double the final
consonant
- compel - compelling
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| Examples of
present participle adjectives |
- The boring teacher.
- The confusing class. (the class is difficult
to understand)
- The following words are present participle adjectives
- verb - present participle
- past participle
- aggravate - aggravating -
aggravated
- alarm - alarming - alarmed
- amaze - amazing - amazed
- amuse - amusing - amused
- annoy - annoying - annoyed
- appall - appalling - appalled
- astonish - astonishing -
astonished
- astound - astounding - astounded
- bewilder - bewildering - bewildered
- bore - boring - bored
- calm - calming - calmed
- captivate - captivating -
captivated
- challenge - challenging -
challenged
- charm - charming - charmed
- comfort - comforting - comforted
- compel - compelling - compelled
- confuse - confusing - confused
- convince - convincing - convinced
- depress - depressing - depressed
- devastate - devastating -
devastating
- disappoint - disappointing -
disappointed
- disgust - disgusting - disgusted
- distract - distracting - distracted
- distress - distressing - distressed
- disturb - disturbing - disturbed
- embarrass - embarrassing -
embarrassed
- enchant - enchanting - enchanted
- encourage - encouraging -
encouraged
- entertain - entertaining -
entertained
- excite - exciting - excited
- frighten - frightening - frightened
- humiliate - humiliating -
humiliated
- infuriate - infuriating -
infuriated
- inspire - inspiring - inspired
- insult - insulting - insulted
- interest - interesting - interested
- intimidate - intimidating -
intimidated
- intrigue - intriguing - intrigued
- mislead - misleading - misled
- mystify - mystifying - mystified
- overwhelm - overwhelming -
overwhelmed
- please - pleasing - pleased
- puzzle - puzzling - puzzled
- refresh - refreshing - refreshed
- relax - relaxing - relaxed
- reward - rewarding - rewarded
- satisfy - satisfying - satisfied
- shock - shocking - shocked
- sicken - sickening - sickened
- startle - startling - startled
- surprise - surprising - surprised
- tempt - tempting - tempted
- terrify - terrifying - terrified
- threaten - threatening - threatened
- tire - tiring - tired
- welcome - welcoming - welcomed
- worry - worrying - worried
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| Cartoon video information |
- The -ing form of the verb expresses the cause of the feeling.
- The -ed form of the verb expresses the result.
- In the case of the verb "to bore" Akira said she is BORING
which means Akira is actually BORING and not the class.
- Akira should say because this class is BORING, I am BORED, or
simply I am BORED.
- The class is the cause of her feeling, so it is described
with an -ing form, in this case BORING.
- Her feeling, or the result, is described with an -ed form, in
this case BORED.
- Basically you should remember that things can only be
described with the -ing form because things cannot produce
feelings.
- People can be described with either the -ing or -ed forms
because they can produce feelings in other people or experience
feelings themselves.
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